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systems 3 pages
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series 11 pages
Transmission System Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
The program is aimed principally at power system operators in the new ISO and power pools.
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| System Protection Technology | Power Plant Operator Training
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Heat Rate Optimization | Power Plant Operator Training
Designed to aid in upgrading knowledge & understanding of the integrated fossil fuel power plant,& improve the operator’s ability to optimize thermal efficiency & equipment reliability, thereby improving the plant’s economic performance.
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Hydro-Electric Series | Power Plant Operator Training
This series is designed to aid in upgrading knowledge and understanding of hydro-electric power generation.
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Gas Turbine Series | Power Plant Operator Training
The series is aimed at engineers, trainers, maintenance staff, & plant operators.
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| Steam Power And Co-Generation | Power Plant Operator Training
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Electrical Fundamentals Series | Power Plant Operator Training
This series will provide you with an overall understanding of Electrical Fundamentals including Ohms Law, AC circuits, Transformers and 3 Phase System.
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Combined Cycle Procedures | Power Plant Operator Training
The series is aimed at engineers, trainers, maintenance staff, & plant operators.
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| Distribution System Training | Power Plant Operator Training
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| Controlling to NERC Standards | Power Plant Operator Training
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| Grid Dynamics | Power Plant Operator Training
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nercstandards 4 pages
Interconnection Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of “System Control†is to bring about an orderly flow of power from the generating source to the load (power consumer) while maintaining the utmost level of safety, reliability and stability throughout the system.
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Generation Control & Performance | Power Plant Operator Training
Aspects of generation control and performance are discussed throughout the course through the application of relevant NERC Standards pertaining to specific aspects of system control.
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Aspects of System Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
This course is an excellent way to brush up on those NERC Standards that are important components of many aspects of system operations and to the proper execution of system operations.This module deals with aspects of NERC TOP and VAR Standards of control area transmission, operations, coordination and voltage and reactive control.
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System Transactions & Coordination | Power Plant Operator Training
This module stresses information dealing with a number of issues related to the transfer of energy on the power system as well as the background necessary to fully understand interchange schedules that result from transaction tags established by PSEs.
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griddynamics 5 pages
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distributionsystem 39 pages
Service Interruptions | Power Plant Operator Training
Planned outages and forced outages keeping customer informed; Responding to customer at complaints; Fault location; Dispatch of line repair crews; Implementing clearance procedures; Records and documentation.
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Abnormal Operating Conditions | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to abnormal operating conditions that may arise on the distribution system. The operator is expected to recognize these conditions and take corrective action to enable the system to continue in operation.
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Function of the Operator | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present and discuss the main functions of the distribution system operator, where the system is controlled from a central control room.
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Power Quality | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to introduce the subject of power quality and look at the different means of mitigating the effects of poor power quality. The different attributes of power quality are discussed, including both their causes and effects.
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The Effects of Deregulation and Competition | Power Plant Operator Training
The main objective of this module is to present and discuss the major changes being brought about by deregulation of the electric power business. We look at the effects of deregulation on power generation, transmission, system operation, distribution and marketing.
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Utility Rate Structure | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this module is to present and discuss the principal factors which must be taken into consideration when setting rate schedules for different classes of customer.
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Metering | Power Plant Operator Training
Distinction between energy, demand and reactive; Measuring energy (kWh), demand (kW) and reactive (kVAR); Meter connections, 1-phase, and 3-phase; Statutory requirements governing metering; Electromechanical meters; Digital metering techniques; Remote metering and reporting; Time of day metering; Handling billing complaints metering disputes; Potential future developments.
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Demand Management | Power Plant Operator Training
System load profile; Economic significance of load factor; Economic significance of power factor; Significance of peak demand; Improving load factor and power factor; Load management incentives; Load management techniques; Interruptible power contracts; Load shedding; Time of day rates.
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Load Characteristics/ Customer Service | Power Plant Operator Training
This course covers types of industrial load; variable speed drives; electric arc furnaces; rolling mills; traction loads (i.e. railways) welding; induction heating; load factor and power factor and diversity factor.
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Maintenance Management | Power Plant Operator Training
Schedule for planned maintenance & inspection; Maintenance and inspection procedures; Recording and reporting results; Trending inspection data, predictive maintenance; Maintenance control program; Spare parts inventory; Issue of work orders; Access to drawings, manuals, and parts lists; Corrective maintenance.
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Line Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
Walking the line; Line inspection; poles, guys, pole-top assembly; Conductor inspection; clearances, slack, sag, connections; Equipment inspection; oil leaks, contacts, fuses; Capacitor maintenance; Riser pole maintenance; Distribution transformer maintenance; Grounding connections.
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Switchgear Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
Operational data; Functional testing; Internal inspection, cleaning; Electrical test; contact resistance, insulation; Mechanical tests; timing, gas/air leakage; Maintenance of reclosers, pole mounted switches.
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Transformer Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
Monitoring winding temperatures; Monitoring cooling system; Monitoring insulation oil physical condition; Monitoring insulating oil dissolved gas content; Significance of test results; Examples of DGA; Measuring winding insulation condition; Transformer testing; turns ratio, winding resistance; Maintenance of transformer auxiliaries and attachments.
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Rotating Equipment Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
Double testing; Electric loss; Insulation power factor; Partial discharge on-line measurement; Partial Discharge Analysis (PDA); Interpretation of test results.
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Insulation Testing | Power Plant Operator Training
Characteristics of insulation, causes of deterioration; Measuring insulation resistance with Megger; P.I. (Polarization Index) significance; Condition of winding on test results; Hipot testing
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Personnel Safety | Power Plant Operator Training
Personnel hazards; Mechanism of electric shocks; Clearance procedures; Grounding; Safe practice & procedures; Principles of Hot-line maintenance; Regulatory requirements; Handling hazardous materials; Housekeeping, fire prevention; Responsibility for safety.
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Programmable Logic Controllers | Power Plant Operator Training
Process logic, logic programs; Industrial PLCs, rack mounted; Types of memory, RAM, ROM, EPROM; CPU operation, canning time; Input and output signals and interfaces; External programming modules; Programming functions.
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Distribution Automation | Power Plant Operator Training
Auto-control equipment; Auto-control programs; Line loading optimization; Auto switching; Event recording and reporting; Condition monitoring reporting; The automatic substation; Recent developments in auto control.
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SCADA Control | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to look at the features of a typical SCADA system as employed in operation of a distribution system.
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Communication Techniques | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to the need for communication links throughout the distribution system, and to look at the characteristics of the different type communication systems installed. A review is also included of the different types of communication signals which must be processed within the communications network, including analog signals, digital signals, carrier signals, and so on.
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Overvoltage Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to look at the causes and effects of excessive overvoltage on the distribution system, with particular emphasis on lightning surges. The features of different types of lightning arrester are presented, including discussion of insulation coordination with relation to insulation withstand voltages and the BIL (Basic Insulation Impulse Level).
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Coordination of protection Devices 1 | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this tape is to present the factors which must be considered in co-ordination of protective devices.
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Distribution System Protection – Differential Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to demonstrate the principle of differential protection, and examine its application to protection of such equipment as generators, transformers, buses, and power lines.
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Overcurrent Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to examine the features of overcurrent protection, including different types of overcurrent relay and typical applications.
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Fundamentals of Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the fundamental requirements and features of distribution system protection, so as to provide a firm foundation for more detailed study of specific protection schemes and equipment which follows in succeeding modules
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Voltage Control Devices | Power Plant Operator Training
he objective of this module is to look at the different methods and equipment that are employed to adjust voltage throughout the distribution system.
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Non Fault Interrupting Devices | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present and discuss features of the different types of non-fault interrupting switches as installed on the distribution system. Reference is made to disconnects which have zero or minimal interrupting capacity and various types of load-break switches which are able to interrupt load current flow up to rated value, but do not have the capacity to interrupt higher level current flow produced by faults.
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Fault Interrupting Devices | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the major features of switching devices which have the capability of interrupting high magnitude fault currents, including circuit breakers, reclosers, circuit switchers, and fused disconnects. The need for coordination between the different protective devices is also discussed.
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Distribution Transformers | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to examine the features of distribution transformers. These devices are located in great numbers around the distribution system to provide the points of interface with customers.
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Substation Transformers | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the main features of operation and construction of distribution substation transformers. Note that the fundamental concepts of the transformer were discussed in module 4 of this series.
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Distributed Generation | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to examine reasons why generating plant is increasingly being connected to the distribution system. Different types of customer owned co-generation plants, and independent power producers are presented and attention is drawn to problems of dispatching and control of this distributed generation. On completion of this video and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day work practice.
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Substations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to examine the major functions of distribution substations, including different arrangements of substation layout. Typical bus
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Underground Distribution Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to demonstrate and discuss the main features of underground distribution systems, including typical arrangements for rural, suburban and city areas.
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Distribution Networks Overhead Lines | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to demonstrate and discuss the features of overhead distribution systems.
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Distribution Networks System Layout 2 | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present and discuss the main features related to distribution system layout, including various means of providing continuity of service and alternative sources of supply.
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Three Phase Power Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the basic principles of three phase power, including the characteristics of Wye and delta connections. The fundamentals of two winding and autotransformers are discussed, including various combinations of three-phase transformer connections.
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Impedance and Voltage Drop | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to look at complex circuits; that is those with capacitive, inductive and resistive elements connected in series. The impedance triangle, voltage triangle, and power triangle are all developed. Also discussed is the effect of impedance in causing voltage drop and phase angle difference in transmission and distribution lines. A brief review of basic trigonometry is included for those who feel that a refresher would be worthwhile.
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Power Factor | Power Plant Operator Training
Continuing our review of electrical fundamentals, the objective of this module is to demonstrate the effect of inductance, and capacitance in AC circuits, leading to a discussion of power factor and its significance.
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AC Voltage Generation | Power Plant Operator Training
This module, the first in the Distribution System Training series, initiates the review of electrical fundamentals that provide the basis for detailed study of equipment and systems in subsequent modules. The objective of this module is to develop an understanding of AC power generation, frequency and characteristics of the sine wave.
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data 1 page
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steampower 11 pages
Co-Generation & Other Turbine Cycles | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module, the first in the series on Steam Power and Cogeneration is to present the different cycle arrangements that are commonly employed in steam turbine power generation installations.
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Steam Production | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this second module is to look at the concept of steam generation, and to present features of design and construction of boilers (steam generators). Both the water side and gas side of the boiler are dealt with, but the subject of combustion and burner equipment is left to the next tape.
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Fuels & Combustion | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this third module is to present the characteristics of different types of fuel, and look at the factors governing efficient combustion.
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Boiler Operation | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the major features of boiler operation. Start-up, shutdown, and on-load conditions are dealt with, including a discussion on potential hazards and boiler protection devices.
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Boiler Control (Operation, Environmental, Chemical) | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this fifth module is to focus attention on the areas of control which are essential for successful boiler operation including; automatic controls, boiler water conditioning, and environmental control.
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Steam Turbine Construction | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the major features of STEAM TURBINE construction, and support systems. Techniques of operation and control equipment are demonstrated and discussed in the next module.
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Steam Turbine Operation & Control | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this seventh module is to present and discuss the major features of steam turbine operation, protection and control. Particular attention is paid to the effect of changes in load or steam temperature on mechanical operation of the turbine, and consequent need for supervisory instrumentation and automatic protection devices.
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Power Generation | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this eighth module is to draw attention to important operating parameters of the POWER GENERATOR. A review of fundamentals is included as an aid to understanding the significance of generator control.
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Plant Auxiliary Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present and discuss typical arrangements of plant systems and auxiliary equipment, all of which fulfil a specific function and need in power plant operation.
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Power Plant Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present and discuss the various types of maintenance that must be carried out in a steam power plant. We also look at documentation, which is required for planning and control of maintenance. Also demonstrated are typical maintenance tasks that are normally performed on major items of equipment during plant inspection outages and major overhauls.
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Combined Heat and Power Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the principles and practice of C.H.P. (Combined Heating and Power) systems. Utilizing heat recovery from different types of prime mover including steam turbines, gas turbines, and diesel engines. In addition to heat recovery equipment, typical district heating distribution systems are also discussed.
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heatrateoptimization 8 pages
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combinedcycleprocedures 2 pages
Combined Cycle Principles | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to review the main features of combined cycle power plants, including major components, auxiliary systems and variations in plant configuration.
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Combined Cycle Procedures | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to the need for establishing operating procedures for major equipment and auxiliary systems.Examples of operating procedures are examined, in particular those related to start-up of a typical gas turbine, HRSG and steam turbine, first in isolation and then in concert as a combined cycle unit.
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hydroelectric 11 pages
The Hydro-Electric Role in the Power System | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course, the first in the Hydro-Electric Power Series, is to give hydro power plant operators and technicians an understanding of the role of hydro-electric power in the overall power system. The characteristics of different types of hydro plants are briefly discussed in relation to their effect on power system operation.
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Hydro Power Stations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to introduce the major components of a typical hydro electric power station. A brief overview of each item of equipment is presented noting that detailed study will be shown in subsequent videotapes in the series. Basic hydraulic principles are also presented as an aid to better understanding of hydro plant operation.
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Water Management | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this course is to present and discuss all of the functions involving the use and control of water in a hydro-electric scheme. The importance of hydrological records is discussed in relation to hydro power plant planning and operation, and reservoir control.
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Hydro Turbines | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss the structural and functional features of different types of hydro turbines. Certain operational considerations are also presented such as cavitation, tailrace elevation, surge, run away speed, etc.
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Turbine Monitoring & Control | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss types of equipment used to monitor and control the operation of the hydro turbine. Typical examples of mechanical hydraulic and electro hydraulic actuators are demonstrated plus monitoring and protection devices.
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The Hydro Generator | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss the major constructional features of the hydro generator. A review of AC generation fundamentals is also included, as this is considered necessary for complete understanding.
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Generator Monitoring and Control | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss supervision of the hydro generator including control, monitoring, and protection. Included is a review of the significance of active and reactive power output from the generator.
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Hydro Plant Auxiliaries | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss the function and typical layout of the various auxiliary systems which are needed to support operation of the hydro turbine generator. Also demonstrated are the main features of auxiliary equipment that form the common elements of auxiliary systems.
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Operating Electrical Equipment | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to examine, from the operational point of view, the various items of electrical equipment that are commonly installed in the hydro-electric power plant. The course covers switch yard equipment, station service supply, DC power supply, and uninterpretable AC power supply. Safety of personnel and equipment is also discussed.
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Hydro Plant Operation and Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to review and demonstrate the general responsibilities and tasks performed by operations and maintenance personnel in a typical hydro plant. It thus brings together many of the items discussed in earlier videos. Included is a brief overview of environmental requirements affecting the operation of the plant.
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Hydro-Electric Power Plant Operations Review Test | Power Plant Operator Training
This test is made up of a battery of questions that provide a comprehensive assessment of the trainee’s mastery of the materials covered in this program.
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gasturbine 10 pages
Major Components: Design & Construction | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course, the first in the Gas Turbine series, is to present the main construction and design features of gas turbines as used for power generation. Basic cycles are discussed, and different sizes and machine layouts are presented.
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Gas Turbine Support Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss features of the various support systems and auxiliaries that are necessary for operation of the gas turbine. Both ON-BASE and OFF-BASE equipment is studied. Note, that the design of the support systems varies according to the size and purpose of the gas turbine unit. Aero-derivative machines are discussed in a separate course.
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Operation of Gas Turbines | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present the factors involved in operation of the gas turbine generating unit, including typical procedures for start-up and shut-down of the unit. On-load operation is discussed with particular emphasis on operating hazards and limitation. The course generally focuses on the heavy industrial type gas turbine. Aero-derivatives are discussed in detail in tape number five in the series.
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Gas Turbine Control and Protection Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present the features of control and protection systems as used on gas turbine installations. The previous tape GT 3 dealt with operating parameters and potential hazards thus laying the groundwork for study of control and protection devices.
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Aero-Derivative Gas Turbines | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to highlight the main features of the aero-derivative type of gas turbine, drawing attention in particular to the difference when compared with the heavier industrial machines.
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Routine Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present the nature and purpose of different modes of maintenance, i.e. running, predictive, and preventive maintenance.
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Major Maintenance | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to draw attention to inspection requirements, which are similar for most types of gas turbines although mechanical details may be different.
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Combined Cycle Operation | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective for this course is to present the main features of the Gas Turbine Combined Cycle, as employed for Power Generation, and Co-Generation (process steam of gas to industry). The most common types of configurations are presented along with an examination of typical steam turbine arrangements. Operation and control of the combined unit is also discussed in some detail, with the exception of the HRSG which is demonstrated in course 2509.
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Heat Recovery Steam Generator | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to continue the discussion on combined cycle installations with particular focus upon the HRSG, and associated condensate and feed systems.
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The Generator and Electrical Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to draw attention to important operating parameters of the Power Generator. A review of fundamentals is included as an aid to understanding the significance of generator control.
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transmissionsystemoperations 14 pages
Monitoring and Control Communications | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to look at different modes of communication that are employed in operation of the transmission system. Communication applications are demonstrated with particular emphasis upon the SCADA system as employed for system operation. After completion of this course and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day working activities.
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System Voltage Control | Power Plant Operator Training
This third course in the Transmission System Operation training program develops the principles of voltage control on the transmission network. The material builds upon discussions of power flow fundamentals and transmission line characteristics from the two previous courses.
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Review of Fundamentals | Power Plant Operator Training
Review of Fundamentals The objective of this course, the first in the series on transmission system operation, is to review relevant fundamentals of electricity to provide a firm foundation on which to build an understanding of the more advanced concepts which will be presented as the program progresses.
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Power Transmission | Power Plant Operator Training
The main objective of this course, the second in the series on transmission system operation, is to draw attention to the major features of transmission system equipment, and operation of transmission lines. Particular attention is paid to limitations resulting from the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the lines.
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System Frequency and Tie-Line Control | Power Plant Operator Training
The fourth course in the Transmission System Operation training program shows how frequency and tie-line flows between control areas are controlled. We begin by developing the concepts of an AC interconnection and synchronizing forces. Frequency deviations come about when unbalances develop between generation and load and these deviations are controlled by the combined action of speed governors and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) aided by the natural change in load as frequency changes.
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Power Dispatching | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to present and discuss the various factors which must be taken into consideration when dispatching generation. Although most of the technical factors will remain after deregulation, it is probable that some aspects of dispatching will change to accommodate the competitive market for generation. This subject will be dealt with later in the program.
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System Security | Power Plant Operator Training
System Security is the focus of this 6th course in the Transmission System Operation training program. The concept of operating security is developed as the ability of a power system to withstand or limit the adverse effects of any credible contingency, including: overload beyond emergency rating, excessive or inadequate voltage, loss of stability, or abnormal frequency deviation.
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Operating Under Abnormal Conditions | Power Plant Operator Training
he previous courses in this series have mainly dealt with the elements of the power system when it is operating in its normal state. This course extends that knowledge into some of the abnormal situations that can occur on the power system and describes how different pieces of apparatus can act under those conditions. Several actual incidents are described.
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System Restoration | Power Plant Operator Training
System Restoration The earlier courses in this series have mainly dealt with the elements of the power system when it is operating in its normal state. The previous course extends that knowledge into some of the abnormal situations that can occur on the power system and describes how different pieces of apparatus can act under those conditions. Several actual incidents are described. This course extends that discussion to the situation where the system or a part of it collapses and the possibilities for system restoration.
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Transmission System Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to examine the function of protection schemes from the point of view of the transmission system operator. Details of the major types of protection relays are discussed with the emphasis on function rather than mechanical construction.
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The Effect of Deregulation on Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to look at the aims of deregulation, and the consequent changes being introduced into transmission system control and operation. Subsequent courses present and discuss specific rules, and procedures required to implement deregulation.
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Power Dispatch Under Deregulation | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this course is to focus attention on the factors that must be considered when dispatching energy and ancillary services under competitive market conditions. Procedures are indicated for a typical ISO, noting that detailed methodology will vary with different locations. After completion of this course, the participant should be able to understand and apply the following concepts in day-to-day work activities.
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Transmission Control | Power Plant Operator Training
In the late 1990s the electrical power industry is going through a rapid period of change. The opening of the transmission systems to competition among generators and the splitting of vertically integrated utilities have changed the structure of the industry. The widespread blackout in northeastern North America in 1965 provided a great impetus for cooperation among utilities. With the advent of competition this has been replaced by the need for confidentiality. In this course we examine some of the implications for transmission system control brought about by these changes.
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Interconnection Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of “System Control†is to bring about an orderly flow of power from the generating source to the load (power consumer) while maintaining the utmost level of safety, reliability and stability throughout the system.
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electricalfundamentals 4 pages
Basic Electricity | Power Plant Operator Training
Define Electricity What is Ohm's Law Understand the Operation of Simple Circuits Resistance Calculations Power Understand various electrical hazards Describe the Fundamentals of Magnetism
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Properties of AC Circuits | Power Plant Operator Training
Understand the Fundamentals of AC Voltage Generation Describe Frequency in AC Systems Understand AC Voltage Measurement Perform AC Power Calculations Calculations of Power in an Inductive and Capacitive Circuit
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Power and Power Factor | Power Plant Operator Training
Learn how to calculate impedance Understand the vector diagrams and the power triangle Understand what a voltage drop is and how you determine a sources voltage requirements Learn about the principals of operation of transformers and about the idea transformer, the autotransformer and the instrument transformer Review transformer regulation and voltage regulation techniques
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Three Phase Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
Understand Generator Frequency and how to synchronize a generator to the system Learn about three phase generation and the three phase basics Understand a balanced operation system Review the different connection methods Covers line voltage in three phase systems and the four wire three phase system Learn the apparent, reactive and real power in three phase systems and understand the examples of each
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systemprotectiontechnology 24 pages
Elements of System Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to overview the function of protection schemes, including general protection philosophy and its impact on the operation of the system.
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Types of Protective Relays | Power Plant Operator Training
The objectives of this module is to demonstrate the operation of the most common types of protective relay. This in turn will prepare the participant for succeeding modules which deal with protective schemes often using a combination of these relays.
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Monitoring System Conditions | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this tape is to present concepts which are vital tools in the interpretation of system operating conditions.
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Fault Characteristics | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this tape is to discuss the characteristics of different types of faults, and their effects on the power system. Knowledge of this material is vital to understanding the protective schemes that are presented in future videotapes.
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Generator Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this tape is to review the types of fault that can occur on generators and discuss the various protection schemes that are used on both small and large generators.
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Transformer Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this videotape is to review the types of faults that can occur in transformers and to present the different protection schemes that are installed on large and small transformers.
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Bus Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to review the different bus layouts that are used in power systems and to present the different protection schemes that are installed to protect against bus faults.
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Motor Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this videotape is to familiarize the participant with the features of motor operation and the most common types of protective devices that are installed.
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Line Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the broad categories of line configuration and discuss the various types of protection schemes that are employed. Particular attention is paid to coordination for selective tripping and isolation of faulty circuits.
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Pilot Protection | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this videotape is to familiarize participants with the principles of pilot protection, the various schemes used and the different types of communication channels employed.
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Protection for System Stability | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this videotape is to present protection schemes that are used to assist in maintaining system stability. The concept of steady-state operation and dynamic response is demonstrated with particular reference to the power angle curve. The physical consequences of instability are also discussed.
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Testing and Commissioning of Protective Schemes | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this videotape is to present and discuss the many factors involved in commissioning new power installations, placing particular emphasis on the testing of protective schemes.
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Fault Investigation and Analysis | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this videotape is to demonstrate the various methods that are used to investigate equipment performance during fault conditions. While various types of fault recorders are considered, particular emphasis is placed upon the interpretation of oscillograms.
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Introduction to Static Relaying | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to introduce and present the major features of static relaying, including analog-type solid-state relays and digital microprocessor relays. At this stage in the program, it is assumed that all participants are thoroughly familiar with the functions and characteristics of the different types of relays. This module focuses upon the differences between solid state and electromechanical relays.
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Coordination of Protection Devices | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this tape is to present a more detailed study of the subject of coordination of protective devices, particularly in the area of distribution systems.
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Power Supply for Protection & Control Systems | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this videotape is to stress the importance of uninterruptible power supplies for protection and control circuits, and to look at different means of achieving this. The provision of both continuous AC and continuous DC power supply is discussed and attention is paid to individual power supplies for electronic equipment. Some time is devoted to studying operation and maintenance of the common storage battery. This area often seems to be neglected, even though it is after all, the heart of uninterruptible power supplies.
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Energy Centre Operations | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to review, for the benefit of relay personnel, the responsibilities of the power system operators and the activities that take place in the energy control center. The operation of protection schemes is of vital importance to the correct functioning of the power system. Complete cooperation between power system operators and relay personnel is essential, and communication must be maintained in both directions.
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Telecommunications Protection I – HVSP Devices | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to the high voltage hazards that can occur on telecommunication circuits entering substations and power stations, and to review the protection devices that are used to combat this problem.
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Telecommunications Protection II – Installation and Configuration | Power Plant Operator Training
The purpose of this videotape is to continue on from SPT 19 the discussion of telecommunications protection. While SPT 19 presented protection devices, this module focuses on specific installation practice and typical configurations.
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Supervisory Control System (SCADA) | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this videotape is to discuss the application of SCADA systems (EMS, and DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION), and to present the main features of modern installations including equipment layout, communications, operations and maintenance.
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Inadvertent Trips – Cause and Prevention | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to the problem of inadvertent trips and misoperation of protection equipment. Typical case studies are presented, with the conclusions leading to recommended procedures to help reduce inadvertent trips.
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Fault Calculations and Relay Settings | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to present the concepts on which fault calculations are made. Both balanced and non-balanced faults are discussed, including phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground faults. The use of percent impedance is shown and the use of symmetrical components is discussed.
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Testing Techniques | Power Plant Operator Training
The objective of this module is to draw attention to the many factors that affect the accuracy of testing on protection circuits and equipment. Fundamental testing techniques are presented along with a discussion of the pitfalls to be avoided. A demonstration on the use of the oscilloscope is included. The need for specific safety precautions is also discussed.
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Programmable Logic Controllers | Power Plant Operator Training
This video presents the main features and advantages of PLCs, including hardware arrangements, software (i.e. programming) and typical applications. Extension of the PLC is discussed, noting features of a typical distributed control system
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