Transmission System Operations

The main objective of this course, the second in the series on transmission system operation, is to draw attention to the major features of transmission system equipment, and operation of transmission lines. Particular attention is paid to limitations resulting from the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance of the lines.

After completion of this cousre, the participant should understand the following concepts, and be able to apply them in day-to-day work activities.

• Typical operating voltages for transmission lines and distribution lines
• Different types of transmission towers
• Conductor material and conductor layout on the towers
• Insulators and the importance of conductor spacing
• Features and limitations of transmission cables
• The application of high voltage DC transmission
• The effect of transmission line conductor resistance and inductance
• Line voltage drop and power angle as shown by vectors
• The effect of line loading on voltage drop and power angle
• The effect of load power factor on voltage drop and power angle
• The need to generate and provide megavars and megawatts to meet line losses
• Charging current required due to the line shunt capacitance
• Voltage rise due to line capacitance on an open-ended line, shown by vectors
• Production of reactive power by line shunt capacitance
• Line reactive compensation equipment, including: reactors, capacitors, synchronous condensers, and static VAR compensators
• The function of transmission stations, and station equipment
• Features of different bus arrangements
• Types of circuit breaker
• The principle of transformer operation
• Transformer physical construction
• Transformer cooling arrangements
• Autotransformers
• Instrument transformers